2.确定正误。通读之后便可开始做题,先对所在行作出正误判断,如无错,便打“√”,如有错,再按错误类型进行改错。 ①缺词:作者出题时会有意漏掉一些虚词如冠词、介词或连词,这与前后词的搭配有关。考生可从下面几个方面分析: a:名词前是否缺冠词。如:on (a) sunny morning b:是否用不及物动词带宾语。如:Don’t look (at) me that way. c:不定式符号“to”是否不该省。如:He was often heard (to) shout. d:被动语态中的be是否缺少。如:The work has (been) done ahead of time. e:是否误将形容词、介词或副词作谓语。如:We (are) against smoking. f:固定搭配中是否漏了词。如:as (a) whole g:倒装句中是否混淆了全部倒装与部分倒装。 如:So fast (did) he run that nobody could catch him. h:从句中不该省的连词:关系词、引导词给省了。 如:I’d like to introduce my factory (which/that) produces perfect products for people. i:是否忽视了英语行文习惯或逻辑上的搭配。如:He is in his room doing (his) home-work. ②多词:多余的词往往是结构词如介词、代词、冠词等等。考生可从以下几个方面进行分析判断。 a:不可数名词前是否多了冠词。如:Man couldn’t live without (the) water. 不可数名词若非特指,不需要加冠词,故要删掉the。 b:定语从句中是否既有关系词又有先行词。 如:He is a man that everyone likes to work with (him). 此题多了him。 c:该省的不定式是否没省。 如:He had nothing to do but (to) wander (徘徊,闲逛) in the dark street but前如含有行为动词“do”的任何形式,那么它后边都不带to。 d:时间状语中是否多用了介词。 如:He reads English (in) every morning. every, each, this, that等和表时间的词连用,通常不用介词。又如:each day, this afternoon。 e:固定搭配“画蛇添足”。 如:Those farmers would take up their guns in (the) time of war. 这里,in time of是固定短语,意思是“在……时候”。 f:比较等级结构中是否有了不必要的重复或相似。 如:He got (even) (much) lazier. 这里,even和much都可用于比较级前表程度。此处多了不必要的重复。故可任意删去一个。 又如:This book is (as) the same as that one. the same…as是一固定短语。 g:受母语影响,及物动词后多了介词或副词。 如:He told (to) me that he would go to the station to meet her. 又如:He said he had returned the book (back). return本身就有“将…归还”之意,故多了back,应删掉。 ③错词。错词的类型复杂繁多,但常见的还是语法错误,词与词的搭配错误。考生可从以下几个方面进行分析判断。 a:是否误用冠词。 如:Mike had the dog.The dog was very lovely. 第一句的dog是初次提到,应改为a dog。 b:单复数是否有错,主谓是否一致。 如:Jack’s family is fond of football. 这里family指的是Jack的家人。故谓语动词应用are。 若指整体,family作主语,其谓语才用单数。如:Jack's family is a small one. c:动词时态、语态是否有误。 如:We soon found the work hard to be done. 不定式位于hard,easy,difficult,heavy,expensive等词后,不定式用主动形式。 又如:When we arrived,the wounded man was carried away. 这里应将was改为had been。因为主句动作发生在我们到达之前。 d:人称代词的格是否误用。 如:All this was done by he . 应将he改为him。因为by是介词,介词后要用宾格作介词宾语。 e:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词是否混用。 Don’t take the ball away;It’s not your. 这里的your是形容词性物主代词,应改为名词性物主代词yours。 f:代词前后指代是否一致。 如:Once we had a girl guest,he was from a mountainous area. 这里的He指的应是那个girl guest,故应将he改为she。 g:定语从句中关系词和名词性从句中的引导词是否误用。 如:This is the most important information which we have ever got. 这里的先行词information有形容词最高级修饰,故关系代词应是that,由that引出定语从句。 又如:Do that you like to do. 这里含有一个宾语从句,从句的引导词在从句中充当宾语,故应将that改为what。 that引导名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句)时在从句中不充当任何成分。 h:形容词和副词是否混用。 如:The work is very worth doing. 应将very改为well。 又如:He did nearly everything very good. 应将good改为well。因为修饰动词应用副词,而good是形容词。 i:习惯用法中是否有误用现象。 如:We had a warm talk by the telephone. 这里应将by改为on。因为通过电话进行交谈应用on the telephone。 总之,要准确判断短文中各句是否有错,必须去发现并掌握命题规律,讲求步骤和解题技巧。平时要多读短文、培养语感,多练习,注意上下文联系,分析句子成分。经过一段时间的练习,考生就再不会在短文改错时束手无策了。